FACTS ABOUT PAPER AND PAPER WASTE

(Please do not print this fact sheet unless necessary!)

Approx. 324 L. of water is used to produce 1 KG of paper.
Source: Environment Canada

The World Commission on Environment and Development defines sustainability as “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.
Source: World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987

Average worldwide annual paper consumption is 48 KG per person with North America accounting for over 1/3.
Source: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)
Discussion Paper (IIED, London, September 1996)

Average per capita paper use in the USA is 333 KG.
Average per capital paper use worldwide is 48 KG.
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1997

Asia has surpassed Western Europe in paper consumption and will soon surpass the United States.
Source: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)
Discussion Paper (IIED, London, September 1996)

It is estimated that 95% of business information is still stored on paper.
Source: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)
Discussion Paper (IIED, London, September 1996)

Although paper is traditionally identified with
reading and writing, communications has now been
replaced by packaging as the single largest category
of paper use at 41% of all paper used.
Source: North American Factbook PPI, 1995. (Figures are for 1993)

The paperless office, once predicted as a result of
information technology (IT), has not transpired.
Industry analysts estimate that 95% of business
information is still stored on paper.
Source: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)
Discussion Paper (IIED, London, September 1996)

Recycling 54 KG of newspaper will save one tree.
Source: Government of Canada, Digital Collections
Paper and paper products accounts for more than
1/3 of all Canada’s waste.
Source: Environment Canada

Canada uses 6 million tonnes of paper and
paperboard annually. Only 1/4 of Canada’s waste
paper and paperboard is recycled.
Source: Environment Canada

Paper manufacturing is the 3rd largest user of fossil
fuels worldwide.
Source: American Forest and Paper Association, (Garner, J.W.. Energy
Conservation Practices Offer Environmental and Cost Benefits. Pulp &
Paper, October 2002).

Paper manufacturing is the largest industrial user of
water per pound of finished product.
Source: American Forest and Paper Association

The US uses 25% of the world's paper products.
Source: American Forest and Paper Association

The average American uses more than 748 pounds
of paper per year.
Source: American Forest and Paper Association

The US uses approx. 68 million trees each year to
produce 17 billion catalogues and 65 billion pieces
of direct mail.
Source: American Forest and Paper Association

It is estimated that paper consumption will rise by
50% by 2010.
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1997:78

The average daily web user prints 28 pages daily.
Source: Gartner group and HP

115 billion sheets of paper are used annually for
personal computers.
Source: Worldwatch Institute

700 pounds of paper are consumed by the average
American each year.
Source: Environmental Defense Fund, Champion Paper Mills

10,000 trees are cut down annually in China to
make holiday cards.
Source: Xinhua News Agency

3 cubic yards of landfill space can be saved by one
ton of recycled paper.
Source: 50 Simple things you Can do to Save the Earth, Jodi B., Sudbury

77 percent of paper is recycled in the Netherlands.
Source: Washington Post

67 percent of paper is recycled in Germany.
Source: Worldwatch Institute

52 percent of paper is recycled in Japan.
Source: Worldwatch Institute

45 percent of paper is recycled in the U.S.
Source: Worldwatch Institute

Every year in the United States, over 2 billion books
are published, 359 million magazines are published

24 billion newspaper are published
Source: Purdue Research Foundation and US Environmental Protection
Agency, 1996

One year's worth of the New York Times newspaper
weighs 520 pounds.
Source: Purdue Research Foundation and US Environmental Protection
Agency, 1996

Every ton of recycled paper saves about 17 trees.
Source: Purdue Research Foundation and US Environmental Protection
Agency, 1996

Recycling paper uses 60% less energy than
manufacturing virgin timber paper.
Source: "1996 Statistics, Data Through 1995." American Forest and Paper
Association. November 1996. Pg. 2

The post-consumer recycling rate for old newsprint
in the US in 1990, 1992, and 1994 was 38%, 47%,
and 45% respectively
Source: Environmental Health and Safety Online (MSW Report)

Nearly 81.3 million tons of paper and paperboard
waste was generated in the U.S. in 1994.
Source: Environmental Health and Safety Online

Paper and paperboard constituted the largest
portion of the U.S. municipal solid waste stream in
1994, representing 38.9% of the total waste by
weight.
Source: Environmental Health and Safety Online

Paper had an overall recycling rate of 35.3% in
1994. About 55.3% of corrugated boxes, 45.3% of
newspapers, 19.3% of books, 30% of magazines,
and 42.5% of office papers were recycled in.
Source: Environmental Health and Safety Online

Recovered paper is used to make a variety of
products, including copier paper, paper towels and
napkins, corrugated boxes, and hydraulic mulch.
Source: Environmental Health and Safety Online

It takes 75,000 trees to print a Sunday Edition of
the New York Times.
Source: North Carolina Office of Waste Reduction and Recycling

Every tree provides oxygen enough for 3 people to
breathe.
Source: North Carolina Office of Waste Reduction and Recycling

Americans consume more paper than the citizens of
most other countries. Compared with the 1994
world average of 97 pounds, the United States per
capita consumption of paper is more than 700
pounds, about 2 pounds-per-person-per-day. Per
capita consumption of paper in the United States
has grown 43 percent since 1980.
Source: "Source Reduction: It's a Bare Necessity." North Carolina
Recycling Association and North Carolina Office of Waste Reduction.
1995. Pg. 46.

In the US, 9,190 million tons of office paper
was generated, and 4,220 million tons were
recovered in 2002. In 2000, only 4,545 million
tons were recovered.
Source: Waste Age "Profiles in Garbage," September 2003

Recycled paper requires 64% less energy than
making paper from virgin wood pulp.
Source: Energy Educators of Ontario, 1993

Office paper is the most heavily recovered
segment of printing and writing paper (which
also includes book and magazine paper, junk
mail, brochures, etc.).
Source: Waste Age, "Profiles in Garbage," November 2001

New York's largest export out of the Port of NY
is waste paper.
Source: What About Waste, Cornell Waste Management Institute, 1990
30-40% of trash is discarded packaging.
Source: What About Waste, Cornell Waste Management Institute, 1990

Packaging makes up a third or more of our
trash.
Source: The Recycler's Handbook, 1990

The average American uses 18 cubic feet of
wood and 749 pounds of paper - equal to a
100-foot tree with an 18-inch trunk - each
year.
Source: American Forest & Paper Association, 2004

Americans discard 4 million tons of office
paper every year - enough to build a 12-foot
high wall of paper from New York to
California.
Source: American Forest & Paper Association, 2004

The U.S. exports more waste paper than any
other country.
Source: The Recycler's Handbook, 1990

Recycling half the world's paper would free 20
million acres of forestland.
Source: The Recycler's Handbook, 1990

Paper products use about 35% of the world's
annual commercial wood harvest.
Source: The Recycler's Handbook, 1990

About 40 million tons of paper that could be
recycled is thrown away each year in the U.S.
Source: What About Waste, Cornell Waste Management Institute, 1990

If everyone in the US sent one less holiday
card, we would save over 50,000 cubic yards of
paper.
Source: Use Less Stuff, 1998

Recycling one ton of paper saves 682.5 gallons
of oil, 7,000 gallons of water, 3.3 cubic yards
of landfill space.
Source: Waste Reduction is a Smart Business Decision, Onondaga
Resource Recovery Agency, 1998

The average American attorney uses one ton of
paper every year.
Source: Waste Reduction is a Smart Business Decision, Onondaga
Resource Recovery Agency, 1998

If offices throughout the US increased the rate
of two-sided photocopying from the 1991
figure of 20% to 60%, they could save the
equivalent of about 15 million trees."
Source: Choose to Reuse by Nikki & David Goldbeck, 1995, Earth 911
2004

Employees at American financial businesses
generate about 2 lbs. of paper a day…per
person!
Source: The Recycler's Handbook, 1990

North Americans consume 323 kg per capita of
paper products, Europe consumed 125 kg, Asia
consumed 28 kg
Latin America consumed 36 kg, Australasia
consumed 322 kg, Africa consumed 6 kg, The
world’s per capita consumption was 53.8 kg in
2000.
Source: The Bureau of International Recycling, World Consumption 2000

Today, 90 per cent of paper pulp is made of wood.
Paper manufacture is estimated to account for
nearly 13 per cent of total wood use, and represents
one per cent of the world's total economic output.
Source: International Institute for Environment and Development, The
Sustainable Paper Cycle, draft report for the Business Council on
Sustainable Development, IIED, London, 1995; Ayres, E.; "Making Paper
without Trees", WorldWatch, September/October 1993, pp.5-8; Durning,
A. T. and Ayres, E.; "The Story of a Newspaper", WorldWatch,
November/December 1994, pp.30-32; Wright, R., personal
communication.

When paper rots or is composted it emits methane
gas which is 25 times more toxic than CO2.
Source: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED),

founded in 1971, was commissioned by the World Business Council for
Sustainable Development to do the study. “A Changing Future for Paper:
A summary of the study “Towards a Sustainable Paper Cycle”.
The pulp and paper industry is the third largest
industrial buyer of elemental chlorine.
Source: Printers National Environmental Assistance Centre, Fact Sheet
by Todd MacFadden, and Michael P. Vogel, Ed.D. June, 1996

Dioxin is one by-product from use of elemental
chlorine gas in paper bleaching.
Source: Printers National Environmental Assistance Centre, Fact Sheet
by Todd MacFadden, and Michael P. Vogel, Ed.D. June, 1996

Other sources of dioxin include municipal and
hazardous waste incinerators, cement kilns,
manufacture of certain herbicides and plastics, and
several hydrocarbon chemicals.
Source: Printers National Environmental Assistance Centre, Fact Sheet
by Todd MacFadden, and Michael P. Vogel, Ed.D. June, 1996

Dioxins tend to bioaccumulate, which means their
concentrations in organisms increase successively
up the food chain.
Source: Printers National Environmental Assistance Centre, Fact Sheet
by Todd MacFadden, and Michael P. Vogel, Ed.D. June, 1996

Dioxin is a proven carcinogen (cancer causing
chemical). However a 1991 study of dioxin found
that its immunological, developmental, and
neurological effects at very low levels may be more
threatening to human health than its
carcinogenicity. There is still much controversy over
the accuracy or credibility of these data, and
whether low levels of dioxins really pose a threat.
Source: Printers National Environmental Assistance Centre, Fact Sheet
by Todd MacFadden, and Michael P. Vogel, Ed.D. June, 1996

The term "dioxin-free paper" is misleading. Paper
does not contain dioxins, but they are produced as
a by-product of the papermaking process and
usually become part of the effluent wastewater of
paper mills.
Source: Printers National Environmental Assistance Centre, Fact Sheet
by Todd MacFadden, and Michael P. Vogel, Ed.D. June, 1996

Many North American paper companies are
modifying their processes to reduce the formation
of dioxins. One way is to switch from pure chlorine
gas to chlorine dioxide, which generates less dioxin
by-product.
Source: Printers National Environmental Assistance Centre, Fact Sheet
by Todd MacFadden, and Michael P. Vogel, Ed.D. June, 1996

Austria and Sweden substitute oxygen or other nonchlorine
processes, or use only non-bleached
(slightly brown) paper products. This is known as
"total chlorine free" (TCF), and is defend as using
no chlorine or chlorine dioxide.
Source: Printers National Environmental Assistance Centre, Fact Sheet
by Todd MacFadden, and Michael P. Vogel, Ed.D. June, 1996

Reducing brightness requirements will make it
easier for paper companies to eliminate chlorine
compounds from their bleaching processes.
Source: Printers National Environmental Assistance Centre, Fact Sheet
by Todd MacFadden, and Michael P. Vogel, Ed.D. June, 1996

If you have to, please print on 100% post consumer waste, processed chlorine free paper... I you must.